避免以动词来结束句子
用动词结尾的分句或句子，常常让人读起来感觉头重脚轻。以下面的句子为例：
原句：The children are swimming.
改写：The children are taking a swim.
将原句中的动词swim改作动词短语take a swim，即呈现一个感觉比较平衡的句子。
以下介绍一些避免句子结尾出现动词的常用技巧：
将主动语态转变为被动语态，并用by引出主语放句尾
原句：The West Antarctic Ice Sheet probably contained less ice than scientists had originally believed.
改写：The West Antarctic Ice Sheet probably contained less ice than originally believed by scientists.
原句：Java is now the programming language which developers in North America USE most.
改写：Java is now the programming language used most by developers in North America.
在句尾动词后填加信息
原句：
- Doubling the sampling density can be accomplished.
- The parameters for Inmarsat GEO satellite network were used.
- A miniaturized planar inverted-F antenna is proposed.
- Several experiments were performed.
以上的句子，您会建议在句尾加上什么信息呢？其实，针对研究性的论文，不妨从具体描述研究目的、材料与方法着手。
改写：
- Doubling the sampling density can be accomplished by interpolation.
- The parameters for Inmarsat GEO satellite network were used, since the effect of call drops is significant when working under a long delay network.
- A miniaturized planar inverted-F antenna is proposed for dual-band mobile phone application in the 900- and 1900-MHz bands.
- Several experiments were performed to optimize the temperature and the tool pressure.
避免句尾或子句末使用介词
在英语口语中，介词常常出现在句尾或词组最后，但正式书作中，却需要避免。建议不妨考虑以下两种方式来改写。
改用“介词 + which子句”
原句：Each species and genus of plants produces pollen grains that have a distinct shape. These shapes can be used to identify the type of plant that they came from.
改写：Each species and genus of plants produces pollen grains that have a distinct shape. These shapes can be used to identify the type of plant from which they came.
原句：A non-falsifiable theory is a hypothesis that no test can be devised for.
改写：A non-falsifiable theory is a hypothesis for which no test can be devised.
原句：Greenhouse gases could change the weather patterns that most of the world’s population depend on for their day to day survival.
改写：Greenhouse gases could change the weather patterns on which most of the world’s population depend for their day to day survival.
改用单个动词取代动词词组
原句：In wireless networks, signal fading that comes up from multipath propagation is a particularly severe channel impairment that can be easily got around.
改写：In wireless networks, signal fading that arises from multipath propagation is a particularly severe channel impairment that can be easily mitigated.
另外，再介绍一些写作中应注意的动词使用方式。
许多常见的英语动词可以被精准的拉丁文动词取代：
- “Be”搭配不同动词，或单独出现，可能有以下意思：
be situated, be located, be placed, be positioned; be outlined, be listed, be described; serve as
- “Do”单独出现在句子中，依据不同上下文也可能有以下意思：
perform, implement, execute, complete, conduct, function, operate
- “Get”这个字也可以有以下意思：
become, acquire, procure, receive, gain, obtain, achieve, attain
- “Give”放在句中可能有以下用意：
provide, offer, supply, transfer, yield; allow, permit, enable; contribute
- “Go”放在正式用法中也会有以下意思：
proceed, pass, process, transfer, transmit
- “Be going to”用来表示未来式，等同于：will
- “Happen”也等于occur
- “Have”也有以下广泛的意思：
possess, include, incorporate, contain, involve, consist of, be composed of, comprise
- “Have to”表达应该或强制，可能等同以下：
should, must, need to
- “Make”也是个很好用、广泛的单字，在正式上下文中可能有以下意思：
produce, generate, create, assemble, build, construct, erect, fabricate, fashion, forge, form, frame, manufacture, mold
- “Mean”可以具有以下意思：
denote, indicate, imply, suggest, signify
- “Put”放在前后文中，可能有以下不同意思：
place, attach, insert, apply, connect, join, link, unite; adhere, anchor, secure, implant, imbed
动词词组是由动词（例如get、go、come、put、do、take、make和set）+ 副词或介词（例如away、out、off、up和in）组合而成。英语口语常用动词词组，然而学术写作则更偏好单个动词的书写风格。这也是非正式与正式英语间最显著的差别。
原句：The aim of this study is to look at the growth dynamics and to find out the microbial populations living in the C140 prototype hydraulic system.
改写：The aim of this study is to examine the growth dynamics and to determine the microbial populations living in the C140 prototype hydraulic system.
更多单一动词替代动词词组的举例：
一般动词词组组：
The aim of this study is to look at the growth dynamics and to find out the microbial populations living in the C140 prototype hydraulic system.
拉丁动词词组组：
The aim of this study is to examine the growth dynamics and to determine the microbial populations living in the C140 prototype hydraulic system.
一般动词词组组：ring up
正式动词组：raise, present
一般动词词组组：build up
正式动词组：accumulate
一般动词词组组：come up with
正式动词组：devise, invent, develop; produce, supply
一般动词词组组：do away with
正式动词组：eliminate, obviate
一般动词词组组：find out
正式动词组：determine, develop; detect, observe;
一般动词词组组：get rid of
正式动词组：eliminate
一般动词词组组：go down/up
正式动词组：decrease, decline, diminish / increase, rise, augment
一般动词词组组：take care of
正式动词组：manage, operate
