何谓英文介词?
介词通常使用在名词、代名词或名词词组的前面,表示方向、时间、地点、位置或实作对象。
简单来说,介词是指出事物与事物在空间或时间上的相对关系,例如描述事物间的位置和动向、动作承受者、动作时间、动作是藉由何种动作完成等。
英文介词类型
如先前所述,介词指出方向、时间、位置等关系。
方向: 看向你的右边,你会知道我们在哪里。
时间: 她从昨天开始一直在读书。
位置: 我们看到街上有个看似古怪的男人。
空间: 那只猫正躲在桌子底下。
英文中有超过100个介词。下面的例句使用了最常用的介词:
- I need to rewrite the introduction of my essay.(我需要重写论文的前言。)
- Sarah left her jacket in the car.(莎拉把她的外套留在车上。)
- Did you send that email to your manager?(你有寄信给你的经理吗?)
- We will be cooking for 10 guests tonight.(我们将会为今晚的10位宾客下厨。)
- Jacob had lunch with his boss today.(雅各布今天与他的老板一起吃午餐。)
下表包含最常见的单一介词。
about | above | across | after | against | along | among |
around | as | at | before | behind | below | beneath |
beside | between | beyond | by | despite | down | during |
except | for | from | in | inside | into | near |
of | off | on | onto | opposite | out | over |
past | through | to | toward | under | underneath | unlike |
until | up | upon | via | with | within | without |
虽然大部分的英文介词都是单一介词的型态,但是有一些介词是词组型态 。下表例举最常见的介词词组。
ahead of | except for | instead of | owing to | apart from |
in addition to | near to | such as | as for | in front of |
thanks to | in place of | on top of | up to | because of |
in spite of | out of | due to | inside of | outside of |
英文介词的搭配
因为介词有很大的弹性,没有一套有效的方法来分辨动词要搭配哪个介词使用,因此最有效的方法是阅读高质量的文献,留意他人的使用习惯。有疑虑时,不妨查找字典或是寻求华乐丝的帮助。
华乐丝的潤色师所接受的训练,包括动词+特定介词的搭配,能迅速找出论文中不恰当的介词搭配以确保地道的字词使用。
下表包含部分最常见的英文动词+介词组合。您可以在写作时对照此表来确保论文中的介词使用无误。
名词/动词 | 搭配介词 |
risk factor | for |
indication | for |
contraindication | for |
indicator | of |
biomarker | of |
intolerant | of |
compliance | with |
referred | for (特定的处置或程序) to(特定的医疗机构) |
similar | to |
condition(不包含医疗状况) | under |
multiplied | by |
subtracted | from |
prognosis | of(后面接疾病,而非病患) |
outcome | of(后面接程序或处置,而非病患) |