判断词性对于单词的运用非常重要,而认识词尾(或称后缀)可以协助您在第一眼看到一个单词就能立刻判断出它的词性。不同的词尾(suffix)不仅可以让单词拥有不同的词性,还可以赋予单词不同的功能。
以下整理一些常见的词尾,每个都附上衍生的相关单词与例句供大家参考:
1. 形成名词的词尾
"-ion":行为的过程或结果
- Fusion(融合;结合;熔合;合并)
His work is a fusion of several different styles of music.(他的作品是几种不同音乐风格的融合。)
- Revision(修正;修改)
These proposals will need a lot of revision.(这些提案需要进行大刀阔斧的修改。)
- Opinion(意见;看法;主张)
What's your opinion on the matter?(你对这件事有什么看法?)
"-ness":性质、情况、状态
- Roughness(不平整)
The roughness of the roads is the biggest danger to tires.(路面不平整是轮胎最大的危险。)
- Darkness(暗;黑暗;阴暗)
I could hardly see anything in the darkness.(在黑暗中我几乎什么都看不见。)
- Awareness(意识)
Public awareness of the problem will make police take it seriously.(一旦公众意识到这个问题的存在,公安们就会严肃对待它了。)
"-ment":行为;状态;结果;状态
- Treatment(对待;待遇;处理)
Peter gets special treatment because he knows the boss.(彼得认识老板,所以受到特殊待遇。)
- Abandonment(离弃;放弃;抛弃;遗弃)
The abandonment of the island followed nuclear tests in the area.(在这个地区进行核试验后,整座岛屿被废弃了。)
- Movement(动;移动)
He made a sudden movement and frightened the bird away.(他突然动了一下,鸟受惊飞走了。)
2. 形成形容词的词尾
"-ful":充满……的
- Grateful {(尤指对其他人)感激的,表示感谢的}
I'm just grateful that I'm not still working for him.(真是谢天谢地,我现在不用再为他工作了。)
- Colorful(丰富多彩的;有声有色的)
The town, of course, has a very colorful history/past.(可想而知,这座城镇具有丰富多彩的历史。)
- Bountiful {(数量)异常大的}
We found a bountiful supply of coconuts on the island.(我们发现岛上有充足的椰子。)
"-less":没有……的
- Hopeless(没希望的)
She was depressed and felt totally hopeless about the future.(她情绪低落,觉得未来毫无希望。)
- Baseless(没有事实根据的;无根据的)
She assured me that my fears were baseless.(她向我保证,我的恐惧是毫无根据的。)
- Reckless(鲁莽的;轻率的;不顾后果的)
He was found guilty of reckless driving.(他被判鲁莽驾驶罪名成立。)
"-able":能够……的
- Suitable(适宜的;合适的)
The film is not suitable for children.(这部电影不适宜儿童观看。)
- Capable(有能力的;熟练的;能干的)
We need to get an assistant who’s capable and efficient.(我们需要一个能力强、效率高的助理。)
- Dependable(可以信赖的;可以信任的)
I need someone dependable to take care of the children while I'm at work.(我上班的时候需要有一个可靠的人来照顾孩子们。)
3. 形成动词的词尾
"-ize":使成为……化
- Organize(安排;筹划)
They organized a meeting between the teachers and students.(他们安排了一次师生会议。)
- Memorize(记住;熟记;背熟)
When I was at school, we were required to memorize a poem every week.(念书的时候,老师要求我们每周背一首诗。)
- Mesmerize(迷住;迷惑)
I was completely mesmerized by the performance.(我完全被表演迷住了。)
"-ify, -fy":使……化使成为
- Justify (为……辩护;证明……正当的/正确的;是……的正当理由 )
Are you sure that these measures are justified?(你确定这些措施合理吗?)
- Simplify(使简化;使简易)
He tried to simplify the story for the younger audience.(在讲给年龄较小的听众听时,他尽可能地简化这个故事。)
- Satisfy(使满足;使满意)
They have 31 flavors of ice cream—enough to satisfy everyone!(他们有31种口味的冰淇淋—足以满足所有人!)
"-en":使变成
- Shorten {(使)变短;(使)缩短}
As you grow older, your spine shortens by about an inch.(随着年龄变老,你的脊椎将缩短约一吋。)
- Enlighten(启发;启迪;开导;阐明)
Should the function of children's television be to entertain or to enlighten? (儿童电视节目的作用应该是娱乐还是启蒙?)
- Sharpen(使变尖;使锋利)
My pencil is blunt—I'll have to sharpen it.(我的铅笔钝了—我得削一下。)
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