中文谚语是民间智慧的结晶,具有丰富的知识、经验、思想与教育意义。中文谚语大多以口语方式在民间广为流传,对人们的影响可能不亚于四书五经。
有异曲同工之妙,英语谚语是一种西方的格言,能够教导人们分辨善与恶。英语谚语具有较明显的人群代表性,例如,农业相关的谚语通常来自广大农民,而大海有关的谚语通常与渔民有关。
虽然存在文化和语言习惯的巨大差异,中英文在生活日常中有一些互通之处,透过两种不同语言的谚语来表达同样的意涵。细细品味这种不同语言的表达方式是极其享受的一件事。
以下我们就来举例几个有趣的范例:
“New brooms sweep clean”(直译:新买的扫帚最给力)——意指人进入新角色后常会有股莫名的冲劲;此谚语的意思就类似我们耳熟能详的“新官上任三把火”。
“The leopard cannot change its spots”(直译:豹子的斑点永不变)——是否有点猜不透其意思?若换成“江山易改,本性难移”就能更好理解。
“In the country of the blind, the one-eyed man is king”(直译:在盲人之国,独眼人为王)——这可能就比较好猜了,就是“山中无老虎,猴子称大王”或“蜀中无大将,廖化作先锋”的意思。
这类的中英文意涵相近的谚语对照还有很多,例如:
Diamond cuts diamond:棋逢对手
Extremes meet:物极必反
Gather ye rosebuds while ye may:花开堪折直须折,莫待无花空折枝
Seeing is believing:百闻不如一见
Let bygones be bygones:既往不究
Once bitten, twice shy:一朝被蛇咬,十年怕草绳
Experience is the best teacher:不经一事,不长一智
Take things as they come:既来之则安之
Water is a boon in the desert, but the drowning man curses it:水能载舟;亦能覆舟
When one door shuts, another opens:天无绝人之路
A miss is as good as a mile:失之毫厘,差之千里
Give a thief enough rope and he’ll hang himself:多行不义必自毙
然而,在比较中英文谚语时,也不乏看完英文就能猜出中文意思的谚语,举例如下:
Practice makes perfect:熟能生巧
Great minds think alike:英雄所见略同
Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion:宁为鸡首,不为牛后
Don’t judge a book by its cover:不要以貌取人
Beauty is in the eye of the beholder:情人眼里出西施
Two heads are better than one:三个臭皮匠,胜过一个诸葛亮
The blood of the soldiers makes the glory of the general:一将功成万骨枯
A word once spoken can never be recalled:一言既出,驷马难追
Strike while the iron is hot:打铁趁热
Do in Rome as the Romans do:入乡随俗
All things are difficult before they are easy:万事起头难
All good things must come to an end:天下无不散之筵席
Give him an inch and he will take a yard:得寸进尺
Man proposes, God disposes:谋事在人,成事在天
A poor man’s tale cannot be heard:人微言轻
Better the devil you know than the devil you do not know:明枪易躲,暗箭难防